Subheading 2504 10 of the Combined Nomenclature covers natural graphite in powder or in flakes. Classification under this subheading is based on criteria set out in the Notes to Chapter 25 of the Combined Nomenclature (CN), derived from the Harmonized System (HS) of the World Customs Organization. Heading 2504 provides the classification framework within which subheading 2504 10 identifies a specific category of goods based on physical, chemical or functional characteristics. Importers should pay particular attention to distinguishing from adjacent subheadings within heading 2504, as differences in technical parameters may lead to different tariff classification with different duty rates and trade measures. Classification follows the General Rules for the Interpretation of the Combined Nomenclature (GRI), in particular rules 1 and 6. In case of classification uncertainty, a Binding Tariff Information (BTI) ruling from the competent customs authority is recommended.

Import of goods under subheading 2504 10 into the European Union requires compliance with the Union Customs Code (Regulation (EU) No 952/2013). The importer must hold an EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) number and submit a customs declaration on form SAD or electronically via the AIS/IMPORT system. Required documents include: a commercial invoice with product description, transport document (CMR, B/L or AWB), product specification and certificate of origin if the importer wishes to benefit from preferential duty rates under free trade agreements. Import of minerals and stones under Chapter 25 requires compliance with the Union Customs Code. REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 may apply to certain minerals. Construction Products Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 applies to building stones. Chapter 25 products are generally not subject to CBAM, except cement (heading 2523). Current requirements should be verified in the European Commission TARIC system. Depending on the type of goods, additional certificate and declaration of conformity requirements may apply. The importer should maintain documentation enabling identification of the supplier and recipients in the supply chain.

MFN (Most Favoured Nation) duty rates for goods under subheading 2504 10 should be verified in the current European Commission TARIC database, as they may be subject to changes. Preferential rates may be available under free trade agreements concluded by the EU, including CETA (Canada), EPA (Japan), agreement with South Korea, the United Kingdom (TCA) and under the Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) for developing countries. Preferential treatment requires compliance with rules of origin and presentation of a valid proof of origin (EUR.1, invoice declaration, REX). The importer should also check TARIC for any anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties or other trade restrictions applicable to the product and country of origin. Imports from Russia and Belarus may be subject to restrictions under EU sanctions packages. Import VAT is charged at the national rate. The customs value includes the transaction price plus transport and insurance costs to the EU customs border. All rates and trade measures should be verified in TARIC.

Natural graphite powder under CN 2504 10 enters duty-free at 0%. It is an EU Critical Raw Material. China dominates global production. Used in lithium-ion batteries, lubricants and metallurgy.