84061000
NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS THEREOF›Steam turbines and other vapour turbines
Turbines for marine propulsion
Standard EU duty
2.7%
VAT
23%
Additional duties / sanctions
0 rules
Docs required
24 docs
X858Y811X803X805Y801Y802+18
Standard rates
| Applies to | Type | Rate | Conditions | Regulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERGA OMNES | Third country duty | 2.7% | — | R2261/98 |
Preferences
ERGA OMNES 0%AD 0%AL 0%BA 0%CA 0%CAMER 0%CARI 0%CH 0%CI 0%CL 0%CM 0%CO 0%DZ 0%EBA 0%EC 0%EEA 0%EG 0%EH 0%ESA 0%EUCA 0%FJ 0%FO 0%GB 0%GE 0%GH 0%GSP 0%GSP+ 0%IL 0%JO 0%JP 0%KE 0%KR 0%LB 0%LOMB 0%MA 0%MD 0%ME 0%MK 0%MX 0%NZ 0%PE 0%PG 0%PS 0%SADC EPA 0%SB 0%SG 0%SM 0%SWITZ 0%SY 0%TN 0%TR 0%UA 0%VN 0%WS 0%XC 0%XK 0%XL 0%XS 0%ZA 0%
Notes
TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels.2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of:(a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms:(1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or(2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms.(b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.
EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.
CD303The relief from or reduction of customs duties shall be subject to the specific request expressed by the declarant in box 44 "Additional information/Documents produced/Certificates and authorisations", of the Single Administrative Document (SAD)
TM904Preferences granted under the agreement between the European Union and Morocco in force from 19 July 2019.As of 3 October 2025, products originating in Western Sahara subject to controls by the customs authorities of the Kingdom of Morocco shall benefit from trade preferences under the terms of the new Agreement in the form of exchange of letters between the EU and Morocco, The European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco have agreed to allow those products to be identified by reference to the region of origin to be included in the proof of origin and as provided for in Protocol 4.In view of the application of these measures, the origin certificates codes U179 and U180 must be declared.The country code to be entered in the origin declaration when these proofs of origin are used is “EH”.
CD727Eligibility to benefit from this preference is subject to the presentation of an origin declaration stating the European Union origin of the goods, in the context of the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA).
CD906The list of non-eligible locations and their postal codes is available at the following address: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/customs/technical-arrangement_postal-codes.pdf
CD500Eligibility to benefit from this preference is subject to the presentation of a proof of origin stating the community origin of the goods, in the context of the agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation.
Export controlBYR0765/06
Export control
BYR0765/06
Documents / references
X858Y811
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y811— Import/export allowed after control
- Y010Other conditions: X858— Import/export allowed after control
- Y090Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM956it shall be prohibited: to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, machinery as listed in Annex XIV, whether or not originating in the Union, to any person, entity or body in Belarus or for use in Belarus;COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 765/2006 - Article 1s.1 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2022/355)
Export controlBYR0765/06
Export control
BYR0765/06
Documents / references
X803X805Y801Y802
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y801— Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: Y802— Import/export allowed after control
- Y010Other conditions: X803— Import/export allowed after control
- Y030Other conditions: X805— Import/export allowed after control
- Y090Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD904It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, goods and technology which might contribute to Belarus’ military and technological enhancement, or the development of the defence and security sector, as listed in Annex Va, whether or not originating in the Union, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Belarus or for use in Belarus.COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 765/2006 – Article 1f (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2022/355)
Export controlIRR0267/12
Export control
IRR0267/12
Documents / references
Y244
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y244— Import/export allowed after control
- Y090Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM01038Article 10c of Regulation (EU) 267/2012 (Consolidated version)1.The prohibitions in Articles 10a and 10b shall be without prejudice to the supply of key naval equipment and technology to a vessel which is not owned or controlled by an Iranian person, entity or body and which has been forced into a port in Iran, or into Iranian territorial waters, under force majeure.2.The prohibitions in Articles 10a and 10b shall not apply to the execution, until 1 January 2026, of contracts concluded before 30 September 2025 or ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts.
Import prohibitionKPR0285/18
Import prohibition
KPR0285/18
Notes
- TM884Goods from the Annex XIh of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Machinery and electrical equipment)
Export prohibitionKPR0285/18
Export prohibition
KPR0285/18
Notes
- TM888Goods from the Annex XI l of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Industrial machinery, transportation vehicles, iron, steel and other metals)
Export controlRUR0833/14
Export control
RUR0833/14
Documents / references
X834X837X840Y708Y833
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: X834— Import/export allowed after control
- Y005Other conditions: X840— Import/export allowed after control
- Y007Other conditions: X837— Import/export allowed after control
- Y010Other conditions: Y833— Import/export allowed after control
- Y030Other conditions: Y708— Import/export allowed after control
- Y090Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD869It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, goods which could contribute in particular to the enhancement of Russian industrial capacities as listed in Annex XXIII, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Russia or for use in Russia.
Export controlRUR0833/14
Export control
RUR0833/14
Documents / references
X840X990X991Y987Y995
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: X990— Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: X991— Import/export allowed after control
- Y010Other conditions: Y987— Import/export allowed after control
- Y020Other conditions: Y995— Import/export allowed after control
- Y071Other conditions: X840— Import/export allowed after control
- Y090Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD903Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 (Article 2a):It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, goods and technology which might contribute to Russia’s military and technological enhancement, or the development of the defence and security sector, as listed in Annex VII, whether or not originating in the Union, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Russia or for use in Russia.
Export controlUAR0692/14
Export control
UAR0692/14
Documents / references
X802Y997
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y997— Export allowed
- Y005Other conditions: X802— Export allowed
- Y009Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Export is not allowed
Notes
- CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part.II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited:(a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or(b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.
Import controlUAR0692/14
Import control
UAR0692/14
Documents / references
N954U045U078U079Y997
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y997— Import allowed
- Y002Other conditions: U078— Import allowed
- Y003Other conditions: U079— Import allowed
- Y005Other conditions: N954— Import allowed
- Y007Other conditions: U045— Import allowed
- Y009Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import is not allowed
Notes
- CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part.II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited:(a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or(b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.
Import controlUAR0263/22
Import control
UAR0263/22
Documents / references
N954U045U078U079Y984
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y984— Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: N954— Import/export allowed after control
- Y005Other conditions: U045— Import/export allowed after control
- Y006Other conditions: U078— Import/export allowed after control
- Y007Other conditions: U079— Import/export allowed after control
- Y009Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77):I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine.The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement.II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport;(ii) telecommunications;(iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.
Export controlUAR0263/22
Export control
UAR0263/22
Documents / references
X985Y984
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y984— Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: X985— Import/export allowed after control
- Y004Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled— Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77):I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine.The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement.II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport;(ii) telecommunications;(iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.
Value Added Tax (VAT)
V020Medical devices, as defined by the Act on Medical Devices of 20 May 2010, (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 175, 447, 534), released for free circulation on the territory of the Republic of Poland
8%V052Devices for writing and reading texts in Braille
8%V120For medical devices referred to in item 13 of Annex No. 3 to the Act in the wording applicable before the date of entry into force of the Act of 7 April 2022 on medical devices (Journal of Laws, item 974), the tax rate referred to in Art. 41 sec. 2 shall apply if, in accordance with: 1) Art. 120 sec. 4 of the regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices, amending Directive 2001/83/EC, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 and Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and repealing Council Directives 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EEC (Official Journal of the European Union L117 of 5 April 2017) or 2) Article 110 paragraph 4 of the regulation (EU) 2017/746 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices and repealing Directive 98/79/EC and Commission Decision 2010/227/EU (Official Journal of the European Union L117 of 5 April 2017) – these products have been placed on the market and are still being made available on the market or put into use.
8%V999Other
23%2
Binding Tariff Information
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BTI (Binding Tariff Information) is an official EU customs decision confirming the classification of goods. Valid for 3 years, binding across all EU member states.
Classification of marine steam turbines (8406 10)
Subheading 8406 10 of the Combined Nomenclature covers steam turbines for the propulsion of marine vessels and warships. Marine steam turbines convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy driving the propeller shaft through a reduction gearbox. They are used on LNG carriers (using boil-off gas as boiler fuel), older-generation tankers, warships (especially nuclear-powered: aircraft carriers, submarines, cruisers), and nuclear icebreakers. Modern marine turbines achieve outputs from several to tens of MW. The key classification criterion is the intended marine propulsion use, distinguishing from stationary turbines for electricity generation (8406 81/82). Marine turbines are subject to specific requirements for resistance to marine conditions, vibrations, and vessel inclinations. Classification follows GRI rules 1 and 6. Parts for steam turbines are classified under 8406 90.
Maritime regulations and import requirements for marine turbines
Marine steam turbines under subheading 8406 10 are subject to maritime regulations of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). The SOLAS Convention sets safety requirements for machinery installations on ships. Classification societies (Lloyd's Register, DNV, Bureau Veritas, ABS) certify marine turbines in accordance with their technical rules. Directive 2014/90/EU on marine equipment (MED) may apply to turbines on vessels flying EU Member State flags, requiring wheelmark marking. The Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 does not apply to marine equipment subject to MED. Import requires an EORI number, customs declaration, and classification society certificate. Turbines for warships may be subject to dual-use controls. Documentation includes type certificate, technical specification, and factory test report.
Customs duties and the marine turbine market (8406 10)
MFN duty rates for marine steam turbines under subheading 8406 10 should be verified in TARIC. The marine steam turbine market is a niche market dominated by a few manufacturers from Japan (Mitsubishi, Kawasaki), Korea (Doosan), and Europe. Steam turbines on LNG carriers compete with dual-fuel DFDE engines. Preferential rates may be available under FTA agreements. Chapter 84 products are not subject to CBAM. The customs value includes the cost of the turbine with reduction gearbox and control system. Import VAT is charged. Current rates should be verified in TARIC.
Frequently asked questions
Which vessels use steam turbines classified under 8406 10?
Marine steam turbines are used on LNG carriers (utilising boil-off gas as boiler fuel), older-generation tankers, warships (especially nuclear-powered: aircraft carriers, submarines, cruisers), and nuclear icebreakers. On modern merchant vessels, steam turbines are gradually being replaced by dual-fuel engines, but they remain in use on LNG carriers due to their ability to burn boil-off gas.
Are marine turbines subject to the Marine Equipment Directive MED?
Yes. Steam turbines installed on vessels flying EU Member State flags are subject to Directive 2014/90/EU (MED) on marine equipment, provided they are listed in the annex to the implementing regulation. MED requires wheelmark marking and conformity assessment by a notified body. Classification societies (DNV, Lloyd's, BV) serve as certifying bodies. Turbines for vessels flying non-EU flags are subject to flag state regulations.
Are turbines for warships subject to dual-use controls?
Steam turbines for warships may be subject to export control as military products under the EU Common Military List (category ML10 - warships and marine engines). Dual-use Regulation (EU) 2021/821 may apply to dual-use technologies. Import of military turbines requires authorisation from the export control authority. Trade in military equipment is subject to restrictions from EU embargoes and sanctions.
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